Blackberry

The leaves of Morus nigra are the main focus of research and medicinal use in Brazil. The aqueous extract (tea) of the leaves has antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. In folk medicine, it is famous for being used as an adjunct therapy for relieving climacteric and menopausal symptoms, such as "hot flashes," due to its phytoestrogenic properties.

The stem features light to moderately dense wood, traditionally used in rural utensils and small constructions. The mulberry tree has an intense sprouting capacity, allowing for frequent renewal cuts without compromising the plant's vigor. Its branched structure well supports the abundant fruit production and favors manual harvesting.

The hardiness of the black mulberry tree is largely due to its deep root system, which makes it tolerant to different climatic conditions, including light frosts. The root bark was traditionally used as a dewormer and purgative. For commercial cultivation, the mulberry tree adapts well to large pots, provided the soil is fertile and well-drained to avoid waterlogging and subsequent rot.

The seeds have a firm seed coat, with mild physiological dormancy, and can germinate after periods of stratification or moderate heat. Although fertile, they are rarely used for commercial production, as they result in plants that are ununiform in size and flavor. Commercial cultivars are propagated mainly by cuttings, ensuring genetic fidelity and consistent productivity.

The flowering of black mulberry trees can be quite prolonged, occurring from September to March in the Southern Hemisphere, which ensures fruit production that extends over several months. The fact that it is generally monoecious facilitates fruiting. The male and female flowers, although small, are grouped in spikes of discreet colors (light green or yellowish-white).